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This page (revision-8) was last changed on 11-Jan-2013 14:05 by 1614216108

This page was created on 13-Apr-2012 16:59 by 1614216108

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中文名称: 尿渗透量\\
英文名称:osmolality,Osm\\
  中文名称: 尿渗透量  异名:[尿渗透压]\\
  英文名称:[osmolality,Osm]\\
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尿渗量指尿中具有渗透活性的全部溶质微粒总数量,与颗粒大小及所带电荷无关,反映溶质和水的相对排出速度.蛋白质和葡萄糖等大分子物质对其影响较小,是评价肾脏浓缩功能较好的指标。\\
  尿渗量指尿中具有渗透活性的全部溶质微粒总数量,与颗粒大小及所带电荷无关,反映溶质和水的相对排出速度.蛋白质和葡萄糖等大分子物质对其影响较小,是评价肾脏浓缩功能较好的指标。\\
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1.评价肾脏浓缩稀释功能\\
  健康人禁水12h后,尿渗量与血浆渗量之比应大于3,尿渗量大于800mOsm/kg•H2O。若低于此值时,说明肾脏浓缩功能不全。等渗尿和低渗尿可见于慢性肾小球肾炎、慢性肾盂肾炎、多囊肾、阻塞性肾病等慢性间质性病变等。\\
2.鉴别肾性和肾前性少尿\\
  肾小管坏死致肾性少尿时,尿渗量降低,常小于350mOsm/kg•H2O。肾前性少尿时肾小管浓缩功能仍好,故尿渗量较高,常大于400mOsm/kg•H2O。\\
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!1.评价肾脏浓缩稀释功能:\\
健康人禁水12h后,尿渗量与血浆渗量之比应大于3,尿渗量大于800mOsm/kg•H2O。若低于此值时,说明肾脏浓缩功能不全。等渗尿和低渗尿可见于慢性肾小球肾炎、慢性肾盂肾炎、多囊肾、阻塞性肾病等慢性间质性病变等。\\
!2.鉴别肾性和肾前性少尿:\\
肾小管坏死致肾性少尿时,尿渗量降低,常小于350mOsm/kg•H2O。肾前性少尿时肾小管浓缩功能仍好,故尿渗量较高,常大于400mOsm/kg•H2O。\\
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%%tab-医学决定水平
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%%tab-危急值范围
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尿比重和尿渗量都能反映尿中溶质的含量。尿比重测定比尿渗量测定操作简便且成本低,但测定结果易受溶质性质的影响,如葡萄糖、蛋白质等大分子物质及体细胞等增多,尿比重也增高。而尿渗量手要与溶质的颗粒数量有关,受葡萄糖、蛋白质等大分子物质的影响较小。在评价肾脏浓缩和稀释功能方面,较尿比重优越。冰点渗透压计测定的准确性高,不受温度的影响。\\
  尿比重和尿渗量都能反映尿中溶质的含量。尿比重测定比尿渗量测定操作简便且成本低,但测定结果易受溶质性质的影响,如葡萄糖、蛋白质等大分子物质及体细胞等增多,尿比重也增高。而尿渗量手要与溶质的颗粒数量有关,受葡萄糖、蛋白质等大分子物质的影响较小。在评价肾脏浓缩和稀释功能方面,较尿比重优越。冰点渗透压计测定的准确性高,不受温度的影响。\\
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包括仪器的标化、标本的正确处理和操作条件的控制。\\
  包括仪器的标化、标本的正确处理和操作条件的控制。使尿量减低的药物有:乙酰苯磺酰环己脲、脱甲金霉素、优降糖、钾盐。使尿渗量升高的药物有:麻醉剂(外科手术时用)、酰胺咪嗪、氯磺苯脲。环磷酰胺、长春新碱等。肌肉运动或饥饿也可使尿渗量测定减低。\\
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一般无特殊要求,最好处于安静状态,避免剧烈运动。\\
  一般无特殊要求,最好处于安静状态,避免剧烈运动。\\
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标本的运送:尿液留样杯上需粘贴患者标识号,该标识号可以是条形码,也可以是申请单的联号。如果是条形码应包含患者姓名、检验目的、标本类型、标本采集日期等信息。\\
标本运送:标本采集后应尽早送检。不能立即测定的标本,应置于冰箱内4℃\\
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%%tab-图片说明
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/%
[尿液一般检验]
Version Date Modified Size Author Changes ... Change note
8 11-Jan-2013 14:05 1.083 kB 1614216108 to previous
7 09-Jan-2013 12:59 1.033 kB Administrator to previous | to last
6 17-May-2012 16:28 1.105 kB 1614216108 to previous | to last
5 17-May-2012 16:28 1.094 kB 1614216108 to previous | to last
4 07-May-2012 10:45 1.092 kB 1614216108 to previous | to last
3 03-May-2012 12:28 1.102 kB 1614216108 to previous | to last
2 23-Apr-2012 15:29 1.082 kB 1614216108 to previous | to last
1 13-Apr-2012 16:59 1.109 kB 1614216108 to last
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